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Bi (jade)
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Bi (jade) : ウィキペディア英語版
Bi (jade)

The bi () is a type of circular ancient Chinese jade artifact. The earliest ''bi'' were produced in the Neolithic period, particularly by the Liangzhu culture (34002250 BC).〔(Teaching Chinese Archaeology, object 3 - NGA )〕 Later examples date mainly from the Shang, Zhou and Han dynasties. They were also made in glass.
==Description==
A ''bi'' is a flat jade disc with a circular hole in the centre. Neolithic ''bi'' are undecorated, while those of later periods of China, like the Zhou dynasty, bear increasingly ornate surface carving (particularly in a hexagonal pattern) whose motifs represented deities associated with the sky (four directions) as well as standing for qualities and powers the wearer wanted to invoke or embody.
As laboriously crafted objects, they testify to the concentration of power and resources in the hands of a small elite.〔

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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